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20
4
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Mandaean priests
Description
An account of the resource
Interviews with priests of different ranks (Tarmida, Ganzibra, Rishamma); with deacons/assistants (Shkanda) and ordinands (Shwalia).
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Shwalia Anhar Hassan Faraj, Chapter 1
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Anhar Hassan Faraj
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Shwalia Anhar is preparing for his initiation to the priesthood.
CHAPTER 1: GROWING UP IN AMARAH; VOCATION TO THE PRIESTHOOD; RULES OF THE RELIGIOUS LIFE
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Christine Allison
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Anhar Hassan Faraj
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July 2016
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Interview: Christine Allison; Camera: Ian Robins; Translation: Yuhana Nashmi
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Metadata and all media released under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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Arabic (English subtitles)
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Moving Image
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Australia
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThVaoiCwURE
Amarah
Anhar
Basheer
beard
drink
Faraj
food
Ghazi
Hassan
rebi
Salem
Sattar
shkanda
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https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/0c7b8306f3ea18e4574f71fa2a609c47.jpg
29af5c43e531ff553391a5b021b431f7
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/b2d74b3ec328852177b4e50dcd00bda6.JPG
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Tarmida Peyam in Iran, 2015
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Mandaean priests
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An account of the resource
Interviews with priests of different ranks (Tarmida, Ganzibra, Rishamma); with deacons/assistants (Shkanda) and ordinands (Shwalia).
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Title
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Tarmida Peyam Jizan, July 2016, Chapter 1
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Peyam Jizan
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Christine Allison
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Tarmida Peyam Jizan
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July 2016
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Interview: Christine Allison; Camera: Ian Robins; Translation: Yuhana Nashmi
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Metadata and all media released under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Language
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Arabic (English subtitles)
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Moving Image
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Australia
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErhsJ-OKavc
Awathur
Behram
Diwan
Najah
Niani ed-Rahmi
Nishmatha
rasta
rebi
Salah
Samui
Sidra
Taleb
Trasa u Alf Shwala
Waleed
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https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/64fe3ac7c574e5ccd1b6b45deca20cae.png
d1a3fb04e823769e1283720061e84e39
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<div style="text-align: center;">Shwalia Anmar Al Zuhairi</div>
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This slideshow shows the initiation of Anmar Al Zuhairi, a young Mandaean in his early twenties, at a Mandi in Baghdad in 2008. The candidate for priesthood is called <em><strong>shwalia</strong></em> (one who asks questions and seeks knowledge).
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/36cff94643c400d6fe0f25cb0cf75384.png
5dcf6d5b62f11c7a0b98b7b3bda09c6e
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<div style="text-align: center;">Shwalia Anmar's <em><strong>Rebi</strong></em> (spiritual master) is Rishamma Sattar Hilow. He will play a key role in the complex ritual of the ordination.</div>
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Rishamma Sattar Hilow
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/237a8302cd9b3e6445ea47be5b364782.png
5f3083b6c0decd071e663f9a9fd347ca
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<div style="text-align: center;">According to the General Constitution of the community (established in the 1990s), all candidates for priesthood need to undergo religious tests and obtain official endorsement of the General Assembly of the community. Shwalia Anmar has been through religious tests in reading, writing and understanding of ritual from other senior priests with social endorsement by the Community Council in Baghdad, comprising representatives from each big family in the community. Here, Rishamma Sattar and Tarmida Raad Al Zuhairi (who passed away in 2010) examine Shwalia Anmar during a special meeting of the general assembly in 2008. Shwalia Anmar passed, obtaining full recognition from both priests and representatives. </div>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/84542c0ca478908ff7d3da3a357cf9c3.png
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Seven </span><span>priests begin the initiation by baptising each other, then baptising </span><span>Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar</span><span>. The </span><em><strong>Drabsha </strong></em><span>(religious banner, seen to the right of the picture) must be assembled, as this occasion is considered a great sacred event. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/e81dd872eba71f6b45cade43c305938f.png
337b5189a225393dd8e8f13ea34fcd35
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<div style="text-align: center;">The priests have come from different parts of Iraq and gathered at the main Mandi (temple) of Baghdad to perform the initiation of Shwalia Anmar to the rank of <strong><em>Tarmida</em> </strong>(priest). The initiation begins on a Saturday, lasts a week and comprises many different types of ritual.</div>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/d0403b36598026c80d330bd93495c565.png
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<div style="text-align: center;">A ram is ritually sacrificed for the occasion.</div>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/a9c2b1c3579b57a17381eba83291c343.png
dbaee27b1e6b2b6a77a114533bca6e24
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>A </span><strong><em>shkhenta</em></strong><span>(ritual hut) is built </span><span>inside the </span><span>Mandi </span><span>from reeds and a trunk of a palm tree, with cotton threads. This </span><span>shkhenta </span><span>has no covering of dried mud and will only last for seven days. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/250170f75ab63457acad3d133d47598b.png
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span>The hut will be covered with white cloths and represents the sacred place in </span><em><strong>Alma Ed </strong></em><span><em><strong>Nura</strong></em> </span><span></span><span>(The World of Light) and also represents the womb of the mother universe as the candidate for priesthood </span><span>(</span><span>shwalia</span><span>) </span><span>will be spiritually reborn. The candidate will stay in this hut with his Rebi and other priests and </span><strong><em>shkandi</em></strong><span>(deacons) for seven days, studying and praying.</span></div>
<span></span>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/1bf389c50e81f6adc4069dea6cfd0a3a.png
1b2628cf6fe7c0183f00c12123874ff6
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Mandaean </span><span>priests </span><span>and </span><span>shkandi </span><span>read from manuscripts written in <strong><em>Mandaic </em></strong>(a dialect of Aramaic); they must consult a manuscript called </span><strong><em>Sharah Trasa ed Tagha Shishlam </em></strong><span><strong><em>Rba</em></strong> </span><span></span><span>“The Explanation of the Initiation of King (Angel) </span><span>Shishlam </span><span>The Great”. Priests who are more knowledgeable about the manuscripts will give instructions on the rituals and actions which need to be taken by the priests. Ganzibra Salam Abdul </span><span>Jabar </span><span></span><span>Kather </span><span>was in charge of this on this occasion.</span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/7341763620666dcfd2297119b82dd802.png
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span></span><span>reads </span><span>the </span><span>whole </span><em><strong>Sidra Ed Neshmatha</strong> </em><span></span><span>(The Book of Souls) and holds a bunch of myrtle branches. Other </span><span>Ganzibri </span><span></span><span>(High Priests), </span><span>Tarmidi </span><span>(priests) and </span><span>Shkandi </span><span></span><span>(deacons) </span><span>observe and </span><span>support the </span><span>candidate during his </span><span>reading, </span><span>while he sits at the front door of the <em><strong>a</strong></em></span><span><strong><em>ndirona</em></strong> </span><span>(a structure of bamboos, built outside the south side of the </span><span>shkhenta or ritual hut</span><span>) and other priests sit inside the </span><span>endirona</span><span>. </span><span>Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span></span><span>enters the </span><span>endirona </span><span>when he finishes reading the whole Book of Souls. This event takes place on the Saturday afternoon after the baptism of the priests, shkandi, the candidate and religious utensils. Also on this day, a physical check up of the candidate is done to make sure that he has no physical deformities. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/c276f30619f72b7a70a6fd1e79193611.png
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<div style="text-align: center;">When Shwalia Anmar leaves the <strong><em>a</em></strong><strong><em>ndirona</em> </strong>and passes into the <em><strong>shkhenta</strong></em>, where he will remain for the rest of the 7 days of his ordination, this symbolises a movement from the earthly realm into the Light World.</div>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/7ce3f2016ad1cb0544c5128bbbdf752c.png
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Early on the Sunday morning, </span><span>Showalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar, wearing <em><strong>Qmashi</strong></em> “the clothes used for the dead,”</span><span> is baptised by his Rabi </span><span>Rishama </span><span></span><span>Sattar. </span><span> </span><span>Showalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>receives the sacred ring called </span><em><strong>Shom Yavar Ziwa</strong></em><span> made from pure gold, a <strong><em>margina</em></strong> or staff of olive wood,</span><span> and 36 </span><em><strong>Tagha</strong></em><span> (crowns made from silk), sewn by seven unmarried girls. These are his priesthood gifts, which he will use in his ministry. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/9e000dc72ce466477043b8748db7e0e8.png
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<div style="text-align: center;"><span>Showalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>receives secretly three sacred words from his Rabi each day for the seven days. Those words are spelled by heart only. The candidate and the Rabi thus become spiritually connected. The </span><strong><em>tagha</em></strong><span></span><span> (silken crowns) can be seen behind him on the right.</span></div>
<p></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/caca17ed2dc7ec60010647ceb4b9d4fd.png
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Rishama </span><span></span><span>Sattar, </span><span> </span><span>Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>and other priests pray </span><a href="http://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/items/show/37" title="Baii Rahmi"><span>Baii </span><span></span><span>Rahmi (the Great Prayer)</span></a><span> which lasts for almost an hour. They do this three times a day inside the </span><span>Shkhenta, </span><span>with the </span><span>Drabsha </span><span>(banner) assembled and re initiated every time.</span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/b196275028aad36d40cd0e1f80724018.png
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>and Tarmida </span><span>Raad </span><span>Al </span><span>Zuhairi </span><span>recite the sacred words in silence inside the </span><span>Shkhenta </span><span>during the prayer of "</span><span>Baii </span><span></span><span>Rahmi."</span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/9d562cf80ffb91c9a890e46dd090c855.png
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>The </span><span></span><span>Shwalia </span><span>performs </span><a href="http://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/items/show/41"><em>Rishama </em></a><span>(ablution) in order to start the lengthy prayer </span><a href="http://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/items/show/37"><em>Baii Rahmi</em></a><span> (Great Prayer) </span><span>with the </span><span>Drabsha </span><span>assembled. During the seven days of initiation, the candidate cannot look upon the river, as this can bring bad luck. So other priests assist him by bringing water from the river. Tarmida </span><span>Raad </span><span>Al </span><span>Zuhairi </span><span>(</span><em>Arwah Nehweli</em><span></span><span>– may he rest in peace) assists another </span><span>Shwalia, </span><span></span><span>Alaa </span><span></span><span>Azeez, </span><span>by pouring water for the ablution</span><span>. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/cc058a5cc9c886252006c10f7e8a36d6.png
041281e6b28523bf08648f2acbbcf783
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Ganzibra Salam, with other priests and Shkandi, is in charge of preparing meals </span><span>for the candidates and other priests. The meals need to be prepared according to religious dietary requirements. </span><span>In religious rituals and in everyday </span><span>life, </span><span>Mandaean</span><span>priests use only utensils purified </span><span>through baptism. They cannot be made from plastic. Only pure metal vessels may be used and purified. </span><span>Mandaean</span><span>priests take their own purified vessels when they travel and cannot share their meals with others. Some priests in Iraq use the water from the tap water system while some others still use the water directly from the river. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/8bd566d72380b367fcce80301c1c6d87.png
5b8c1dfad22f5410d89cc34592791708
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>On the last day, </span><span>Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>baptises his Rebi </span><span>Rishamma </span><span></span><span>Sattar </span><span>as a symbol </span><span>of acceptance and respect. </span><span>Showalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>must stay indoors for sixty days, studying and performing lengthy prayers three times a day. He must also prepare his own food. <br /> At the end of the sixty days, </span><span>Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>must perform </span><span><em><strong>Masiqta</strong></em> ("death mass"), </span><span>in order to be officially proclaimed a </span><span>tarmida </span><span>who can perform </span><em><strong>masbuta</strong></em><span>(baptism) and other rituals for the </span><span>Mandaeans</span><span>. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/5dc34c9eb2b94f9b8b49f1888b50f5f0.png
ab8da22fd8c8c49788254f5204deba43
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>After successfully finishing all his rituals, Shwalia </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>has officially become a T</span><span>armida</span><span>. He is now the youngest priest in the </span><span>Mandaean </span><span>community. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/575f40fbc1876e3d68726a97c45be2dd.png
894e02c117e1c4f6f11c61152451c882
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<div style="text-align: center;">The initiation of a priest is an important and joyful event in the Mandaean community, both religiously and socially. Usually Mandaeans come to the Mandi, days and nights, for all seven days. Here, the Mandaean community of Baghdad celebrates the end of the seven days of the initiation of Tarmida Anmar and Tarmida Alaa Azeez. </div>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/4ad8f2fff4b4dfa19f5e407f6d744e87.png
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<div style="text-align: center;">The new Tarmidi, Tarmida Anmar (on the right) and Tarmida Alaa (third from left), join other priests in their formal prayers as full practising Tarmidi. The priests hold part of the Drabsha (the religious banner) as part of Baii Rahmi. The priests will then perform Masbuta (baptism) for the Mandaeans.</div>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/5ff0ea16a23c61a832560570f7f0ad9c.png
8678ff4367e0a0c2848bf598ac517f7f
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span>Nasiriya, Iraq, 2015: </span><span>Tarmida </span><span></span><span>Anmar </span><span>reads to Yuhana Nashmi from an old manuscript given to him </span><span>by a </span><span>Mandaean </span><span>elder. Priests are concerned about the preservation of their written literature and constantly look for more knowledge about their religion. The Mandaean elder allows the manuscript to be photographed, keeping the original with him. </span><span>Mandaeans </span><span>venerate their own written manuscripts as bringing blessing and protection to people and their house. </span><span>Mandaean m</span><span>anuscripts are unique, as each copy may differ in its annotations and notes. Tarmida </span><span>Anmar has </span><span>recently begun an initiative to revitalise the art of copying Mandaic manuscripts, preparing his own ink from natural ingredients and studying the scripts. </span></p>
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/815abad4d92d186c7fd56a842a940f36.png
a2ade37b11e893a696e6aca1fd02ff66
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<div style="text-align: center;">As a Mandaean priest, Tarmida Anmar cannot eat or drink any processed food or drink such as dairy from the supermarket. Here he milks a cow belonging to the priests on a farm close to the main Mandi (temple) in Baghdad.</div>
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Rituals
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Initiation of a Priest (Slideshow)
Subject
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Initiation of a Priest
Creator
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Yuhana Nashmi
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Anmar al Zuhairi, Sattar Jabbar Hilow
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2008
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Metadata and all media released under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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Still images
Language
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English
Type
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Still Image
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Iraq
Description
An account of the resource
Photographs from the initiation of Anmar al-Zuhairi, Baghdad, 2008. This process is long and complex, comprising many rituals, some of which are performed differently from other occasions. Click on an image to start the slideshow. Each photo is captioned. In the 'Relation' field to the right of the page, we have included a link to another website showing E.S. Drower's classic description of the initiation, compiled from her research in the 1930s.
Relation
A related resource
https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.283498/2015.283498.The-Mandaeans#page/n225/search/149
Alaa Azeez
andirona
Anmar
Baghdad
baii
Ganzibra
Hilow
initiation
Mandi
manuscript
margina
masbuta
masiqta
Raad
rahmi
ram
rebi
Rishama
Salam
Sattar
shkanda
Shkenta
Shom Yawar Ziwa
shwalia
Tagha
Zuhairi
-
https://mandaeanpriests.exeter.ac.uk/files/original/f5c5f1a0645ab798953ee0da5cb049d4.png
c84aea47af040a957d0f53de7b7b5313
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Mandaean priests
Description
An account of the resource
Interviews with priests of different ranks (Tarmida, Ganzibra, Rishamma); with deacons/assistants (Shkanda) and ordinands (Shwalia).
Moving Image
A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Tarmida Asaad Muttar al-Othmani: March 2014
Description
An account of the resource
Tarmida Asaad speaks at Panja/Parwanaya 2014 about life in Iraq and Australia, the challenges facing the young and his concerns about using tap water for rituals.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Yuhana Nashmi
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
March 2014
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Yiannis Kanakis
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Metadata and all media released under Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Relation
A related resource
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4xd7HkQfVA
Language
A language of the resource
Arabic (English subtitles)
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Moving Image
Subject
The topic of the resource
Asaad Muttar al-Othmani
Al Othmani
Al Suwaira
angels
Asaad
Australia
change
chastity
children
commitment
community
Darwin
Darwinian
death ritual
freedom
initiation
Iraq
Islam
klila
Light world
Manda ed Haii
Manda ed Hayy
Manda el Haii
Mandaean
Mandat Haii
Mandat Hayy
Mandean
modesty
Muttar
myrtle
priest
Qadmaii
Raad
rabi
rebi
religious freedom
responsibility
Rishamma
rituals
role commitment
Salah
school
science
secrets
self-taught
seven
sex
spiritual
spirituality
student
Tarmida
teaching
texts
training
university
US missile
vacuum
Wasit
woman
women
world of Light
yardena
yardina
yardna
young generation